DRUGS OF ABUSE/Uses and Effects
U.S.
Department of Justice
Drug Enforcement Administration |
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Dependence |
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| Drugs |
CSA
Schedules |
Trade
or Other Names |
Medical
Uses |
Physical |
Psycho-logical |
Tolerance |
Duration
(Hours) |
Usual
Method |
Possible
Effects |
Effects
of Overdose |
Withdrawal
Syndrome |
| Narcotics |
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| Heroin |
Substance
I |
Diamorphine,
Horse, Smack, Black tar, Chiva, Negra
(black tar) |
None
in U.S., Analgesic, Antitussive |
High |
High |
Yes |
3-4 |
Injected,
snorted, smoked |
Euphoria, drowsiness, respiratory depression, constricted
pupils, nausea |
Slow and shallow breathing, clammy skin, convulsions,
coma, possible death |
Watery eyes, runny nose, yawning, loss of appetite,
irritability, tremors, panic, cramps, nausea, chills
and sweating |
| Morphine |
Substance
II |
MS-Contin,
Roxanol, Oramorph SR, MSIR |
Analgesic |
High |
High |
Yes |
3-12 |
Oral,
injected |
| Hydrocodone |
Substance
II, Product III, V |
Hydrocodone
w/ Acetaminophen, Vicodin, Vicoprofen, Tussionex,
Lortab |
Analgesic,
Antitussive |
High |
High |
Yes |
3-6 |
Oral |
| Hydro-morphone |
Substance
II |
Dilaudid |
Analgesic |
High |
High |
Yes |
3-4 |
Oral,
injected |
| Oxycodone |
Substance
II |
Roxicet,
Oxycodone w/ Acetaminophen, OxyContin, Endocet,
Percocet, Percodan |
Analgesic |
High |
High |
Yes |
3-12 |
Oral |
| Codeine |
Substance
II, Products III, V |
Acetaminophen, Guaifenesin or Promethazine w/Codeine,
Fiorinal, Fioricet or Tylenol w/Codeine |
Analgesic,
Antitussive |
Moderate |
Moderate |
Yes |
3-4 |
Oral,
injected |
| Other
Narcotics |
Substance
II, III, IV |
Fentanyl,
Demerol, Methadone, Darvon, Stadol, Talwin, Paregoric,
Buprenex |
Analgesic,
Antidiarrheal, Antitussive |
High-Low |
High-Low |
Yes |
Variable |
Oral,
injected, snorted, smoked |
| Depressants |
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gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid |
Substance I, Product III |
GHB,
Liquid Ecstasy, Liquid X, Sodium Oxybate, Xyrem® |
None in U.S., Anesthetic |
Moderate |
Moderate |
Yes |
3-6 |
Oral |
Slurred speech, disorientation, drunken behavior
without odor of alcohol, impaired memory of events,
interacts with alcohol |
Shallow respiration, clammy skin, dilated pupils,
weak and rapid pulse, coma, possible death |
Anxiety,
insomnia, tremors, delirium, convulsions, possible
death |
| Benzodiazepines |
Substance
IV |
Valium, Xanax, Halcion, Ativan, Restoril, Rohypnol
(Roofies, R-2), Klonopin |
Antianxiety,
Sedative, Anti-convulsant, Hypnotic, Muscle Relaxant |
Moderate |
Moderate |
Yes |
1-8 |
Oral, injected |
| Other
Depressants |
Substance
I, II, III, IV |
Ambien,
Sonata, Meprobamate, Chloral Hydrate, Barbiturates,
Methaqualone (Quaalude) |
Antianxiety,
Sedative, Hypnotic |
Moderate |
Moderate |
Yes |
2-6 |
Oral |
| Stimulants |
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Cocaine |
Substance II |
Coke, Flake, Snow, Crack, Coca, Blanca, Perico,
Nieve, Soda |
Local anesthetic |
Possible |
High |
Yes |
1-2 |
Snorted, smoked, injected |
Increased alertness, excitation, euphoria, increased
pulse rate & blood pressure, insomnia, loss
of appetite |
Agitation, increased body temperature, hallucinations,
convulsions, possible death |
Apathy, long periods of sleep, irritability, depression,
disorientation |
Amphetamine/
Meth-amphetamine |
Substance
II |
Crank, Ice, Cristal, Krystal Meth, Speed, Adderall,
Dexedrine, Desoxyn |
Attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, narcolepsy,
weight control |
Possible |
High |
Yes |
2-4 |
Oral, injected, smoked |
| Methylphenidate |
Substance
II |
Ritalin (Illy's), Concerta, Focalin, Metadate |
Attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder |
Possible |
High |
Yes |
2-4 |
Oral, injected, snorted, smoked |
| Other
Stimulants |
Substance
III, IV |
Adipex P, Ionamin, Prelu-2, Didrex, Provigil |
Vaso-constriction |
Possible |
Moderate |
Yes |
2-4 |
Oral |
| Hallucinogens |
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| MDMA
and Analogs |
Substance
I |
(Ecstasy, XTC, Adam), MDA (Love Drug), MDEA (Eve),
MBDB |
None |
None |
Moderate |
Yes |
4-6 |
Oral,
snorted, smoked |
Heightened
senses, teeth grinding and dehydration |
Increased body temperature, electrolyte imbalance,
cardiac arrest |
Muscle aches, drowsiness, depression, acne |
| LSD |
Substance
I |
Acid,
Microdot, Sunshine, Boomers |
None |
None |
Unknown |
Yes |
8-12 |
Oral |
Illusions and hallucinations, altered perception
of time and distance |
(LSD) Longer, more intense "trip" episodes |
None |
| Phencyclidine
and Analogs |
Substance
I, II, III |
PCP,
Angel Dust, Hog, Loveboat, Ketamine (Special K),
PCE, PCPy, TCP |
Anesthetic
(Ketamine) |
Possible |
High |
Yes |
1-12 |
Smoked, oral, injected, snorted |
Unable to direct movement, feel pain, or remember |
Drug seeking behavior
*Not regulated |
| Other
Hallucinogens |
Substance
I |
Psilocybe
mushrooms, Mescaline, Peyote Cactus, Ayahausca,
DMT, Dextro-methorphan* (DXM) |
None |
None |
None |
Possible |
4-8 |
Oral |
| Cannabis |
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| Marijuana |
Substance
I |
Pot, Grass, Sinsemilla, Blunts, Mota, Yerba,
Grifa |
None |
Unknown |
Moderate |
Yes |
2-4 |
Smoked,
oral |
Euphoria, relaxed inhibitions, increased appetite,
disorientation |
Fatigue, paranoia, possible psychosis |
Occasional reports of insomnia, hyperactivity, decreased
appetite |
| Tetrahydro-cannabinol |
Substance
I, Product III |
THC,
Marinol |
Antinauseant,
Appetite stimulant |
Yes |
Moderate |
Yes |
2-4 |
Smoked,
oral |
| Hashish
and Hashish Oil |
Substance
I |
Hash,
Hash oil |
None |
Unknown |
Moderate |
Yes |
2-4 |
Smoked,
oral |
| Anabolic
Steroids |
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| Testosterone |
Substance
III |
Depo
Testosterone, Sustanon, Sten, Cypt |
Hypogonadism |
Unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
14-28
days |
Injected |
Virilization,
edema, testicular atrophy, gyneco-mastia, acne,
aggressive behavior |
Unknown |
Possible
depression |
| Other
Anabolic Steroids |
Substance
III |
Parabolan,
Winstrol, Equipose, Anadrol, Dianabol, Primabolin-Depo,
D-Ball |
Anemia,
Breast cancer |
Unknown |
Yes |
Unknown |
Variable |
Oral,
injected |
| Inhalants |
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| Amyl
and Butyl Nitrite |
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Pearls,
Poppers, Rush, Locker Room |
Angina
(Amyl) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
No |
1 |
Inhaled |
Flushing,
hypotension, headache |
Methemo-globinemia |
Agitation |
| Nitrous
Oxide |
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Laughing
gas, balloons, Whippets |
Anesthetic |
Unknown |
Low |
No |
0.5 |
Inhaled |
Impaired
memory, slurred speech, drunken behavior, slow onset
vitamin deficiency, organ damage |
Vomiting, respiratory depression, loss of consciousness,
possible death |
Trembling, anxiety, insomnia, vitamin deficiency,
confusion, hallucinations, convulsions |
| Other
Inhalants |
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Adhesives, spray paint, hair spray, dry cleaning
fluid, spot remover, lighter fluid |
None |
Unknown |
High |
No |
0.5-2 |
Inhaled |
| Alcohol |
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Beer,
wine, liquor |
None |
High |
High |
Yes |
1-3 |
Oral |
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